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Author |
Foliart, D.E.; Pollock, B.H.; Mezei, G.; Iriye, R.; Silva, J.M.; Ebi, K.L.; Kheifets, L.; Link, M.P.; Kavet, R. |
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Title |
Magnetic field exposure and long-term survival among children with leukaemia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
161-164 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease-Free Survival; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*mortality; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Social Class |
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Abstract |
We examined the association between magnetic field (MF) exposure and survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated at 51 Pediatric Oncology Group centres between 1996 and 2001. Of 1672 potentially eligible children under treatment, 482 (29%) participated and personal 24-h MF measurements were obtained from 412 participants. A total of 386 children with ALL and 361 with B-precursor ALL were included in the analysis of event-free survival (time from diagnosis to first treatment failure, relapse, secondary malignancy, or death) and overall survival. After adjustment for risk group and socioeconomic status, the event-free survival hazard ratio (HR) for children with measurements >/=0.3 muT was 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8, 4.9), compared to <0.1 muT. For survival, elevated HRs were found for children exposed to >/=0.3 muT (multivariate HR=4.5, 95% CI 1.5-13.8) but based on only four deaths among 19 children. While risk was increased among children with exposures above 0.3 muT, the small numbers limited inferences for this finding. |
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Address |
Public Health Institute, 555 12th St, Oakland, CA 94607, USA. dfoliart@hospice.org |
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English |
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ISSN |
0007-0920 |
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Area |
WP2 Exposure measurements & WP9 Epidemiology |
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Notes |
PMID:16404370 |
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Call Number |
Swiss TPH @ martin.roosli @ |
Serial |
68 |
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Author |
Mills, K.M.; Kheifets, L.I.; Nelson, L.M.; Bloch, D.A.; Takemoto-Hambleton, R.; Kelsey, J.L. |
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Title |
Reliability of proxy-reported and self-reported household appliance use |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Epidemiology |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
581-588 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Aged; California; Electromagnetic Phenomena/*statistics & numerical data; Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data; Female; Household Articles/*statistics & numerical data; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Socioeconomic Factors |
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Abstract |
Exposure assessment presents a major challenge for studies evaluating the association between household exposure to electric and magnetic fields and adverse health outcomes, especially the reliance on proxy respondents when study subjects themselves have died. We evaluated the reliability of proxy- and self-reported household appliance exposure. We recruited 92 healthy couples through either random-digit dialing or newspaper advertisements. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires to each member of a couple independently to assess the reliability of proxy-reported household appliance use. Eighty-five couples completed a second interview 2 months later to assess the reliability of self-reported appliance use. Reliability of proxy-reported appliance exposure was good when we inquired about having any exposure to each of the eight indicator appliances during the past year (range of kappa coefficients = 0.63-0.85; median = 0.76) but was lower with increased time to recall or increased detail. Reliability of self respondents reporting 2 months apart was excellent (range of kappa coefficients = 0.75-0.94; median = 0.87) for having any exposure to the eight indicator appliances during the past year, but reliability was again lower with increased detail. When we used self reports at the first interview as the standard, little systematic over- or underreporting occurred for proxy respondents or for self respondents reporting 2 months later. Because this study did not include cases of specific disease, these findings of no systematic differences in reporting do not refer to case or control status. In summary, reliability of self respondents' reports of appliance use is very good for recent time periods and good for broad aspects of exposure in distant time periods. Proxy respondents can provide information regarding broad aspects of appliance exposure in the past year, but detailed aspects of exposure or exposure in more distant time periods is not reliable. |
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Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA |
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ISSN |
1044-3983 |
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Area |
WP2 Exposure measurements |
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Notes |
PMID:10955412 |
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no |
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Swiss TPH @ martin.roosli @ |
Serial |
69 |
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Author |
Bernstein, B.E.; Meissner, A.; Lander, E.S. |
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Title |
The mammalian epigenome |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Cell |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
128 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
669-681 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/*genetics; CpG Islands/genetics; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics; Genomic Instability/*genetics; Histones/genetics/metabolism; Humans; Mammals/*genetics |
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Abstract |
Chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins form a complex regulatory network that modulates chromatin structure and genome function. The epigenome refers to the complete description of these potentially heritable changes across the genome. The composition of the epigenome within a given cell is a function of genetic determinants, lineage, and environment. With the sequencing of the human genome completed, investigators now seek a comprehensive view of the epigenetic changes that determine how genetic information is made manifest across an incredibly varied background of developmental stages, tissue types, and disease states. Here we review current research efforts, with an emphasis on large-scale studies, emerging technologies, and challenges ahead. |
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ISSN |
0092-8674 |
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WP5 In vitro |
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PMID: 17320505 |
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Call Number |
UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ Bernstein2007 |
Serial |
70 |
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Author |
Bocker, M.T.; Hellwig, I.; Breiling, A.; Eckstein, V.; Ho, A.D.; Lyko, F. |
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Title |
Genome-wide promoter DNA methylation dynamics of human hematopoietic progenitor cells during differentiation and aging |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Blood |
Abbreviated Journal |
Blood |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
e182-189 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Aging/*genetics; Cell Differentiation/*genetics; Cell Separation; DNA Methylation/*genetics; Flow Cytometry; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hematopoiesis/*genetics; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology; Humans; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics |
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Abstract |
DNA methylation plays an important role in the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and in the commitment to the lymphoid or myeloid lineages. Using purified CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells and differentiated myeloid cell populations from the same human samples, we obtained detailed methylation profiles at distinct stages of hematopoiesis. We identified a defined set of differentiation-related genes that are methylated in CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells but show pronounced DNA hypomethylation in monocytes and in granulocytes. In addition, by comparing hematopoietic progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood to hematopoietic progenitor cells from peripheral blood of adult donors we were also able to analyze age-related methylation changes in CD34 cells. Interestingly, the methylation changes observed in older progenitor cells showed a bimodal pattern with hypomethylation of differentiation-associated genes and de novo methylation events resembling epigenetic mutations. Our results thus provide detailed insight into the methylation dynamics during differentiation and suggest that epigenetic changes contribute to hematopoietic progenitor cell aging. |
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ISSN |
1528-0020 |
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WP5 In vitro |
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Notes |
PMID: 21427290 |
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Call Number |
UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ Bocker2011 |
Serial |
71 |
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Author |
Chen, G.; Upham, B.L.; Sun, W.; Chang, C.C.; Rothwell, E.J.; Chen, K.M.; Yamasaki, H.; Trosko, J.E. |
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Title |
Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on chemically induced differentiation of friend erythroleukemia cells |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Environmental health perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Health Perspect |
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Volume |
108 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
967-972 |
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Keywords |
Cell Differentiation/*physiology; Cell Division; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; *Friend murine leukemia virus; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/*pathology; Telomerase/metabolism; Tumor Cells, Cultured |
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Abstract |
Whether exposure of humans to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can cause cancer is controversial and therefore needs further research. We used a Friend erythroleukemia cell line that can be chemically induced to differentiate to determine whether ELF-EMF could alter proliferation and differentiation in these cells in a manner similar to that of a chemical tumor promoter. Exposure of this cell line to 60 Hz ELF-EMF resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of differentiation, with maximal inhibition peaking at 40% and 40 mG (4 microT). ELF-EMF at 10 mG (1.0 microT) and 25 mG (2.5 microT) inhibited differentiation at 0 and 20%, respectively. ELF-EMF at 1.0 (100) and 10.0 G (1,000 microT) stimulated cell proliferation 50% above the sham-treated cells. The activity of telomerase, a marker of undifferentiated cells, decreased 100[times] when the cells were induced to differentiate under sham conditions, but when the cells were exposed to 0.5 G (50 microT) there was only a 10[times] decrease. In summary, ELF-EMF can partially block the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells, and this results in a larger population of cells remaining in the undifferentiated, proliferative state, which is similar to the published results of Friend erythroleukemia cells treated with chemical-tumor promoters. |
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ISSN |
0091-6765 |
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WP5 In vitro |
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Notes |
PMID: 11049817 |
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Call Number |
UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ Chen2000 |
Serial |
72 |
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