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Author (up)
Title Non-ionizing radiation, Part 1: static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans / World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer Abbreviated Journal IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum
Volume 80 Issue Pages 1-395
Keywords Developed Countries; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*etiology; Occupational Exposure; Pregnancy; Radiation, Nonionizing/*adverse effects; *Risk Assessment
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1017-1606 ISBN Medium
Area WP6 In vivo Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12071196 Approved no
Call Number ITEM @ geertje.lewin @ Serial 111
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Author (up)
Title NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 60-HZ Magnetic Fields IN F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Whole-body Exposure Studies) Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series Abbreviated Journal Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser
Volume 488 Issue Pages 1-168
Keywords
Abstract Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are associated with the production, transmission, and use of electricity; thus, the potential for human exposure is high. These electric and magnetic fields are predominantly of low frequency (60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe) and generally of low intensity. Epidemiology studies have suggested a potential for increased breast cancer, brain cancer, and leukemia rates with increasing magnetic field exposure. Therefore, given the widespread exposure to low-intensity, 60-Hz magnetic fields in industrialized societies, standard toxicology studies and long-term carcinogenesis studies were conducted using traditional rodent models. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1mice were exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields by whole-body exposure for 2 years. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 100 male and 100 female rats were exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields at intensities of 0.02, 2, or 10 G for 18.5 hours per day, 7 days per week, for 106 weeks. Groups of 100 male and 100 female control rats were housed in the same exposure chambers without applied magnetic fields. Additional groups of 100 male and 100 female rats were intermittently exposed (1 hour on and 1 hour off) to a 10 G 60-Hz field 18.5 hours per day, 7 days per week, for 106 weeks. The highest field intensity (10 G) is approximately 5,000-fold greater than what was considered high intensity for homes in epidemiology studies in humans. Survival and Body Weights: Survival and mean body weights of exposed groups of male and female rats was similar to those of the control groups. Pathology Findings: The incidences of thyroid gland C-cell adenoma and carcinoma in 0.02 G male rats, adenoma in 2 G males, and adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in 0.02 and 2 G males were significantly greater than in the control group. The incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in males in the 10 G intermittent group was significantly less than in the control group. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 100 male and 100 female mice were exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields at intensities of 0.02, 2, or 10 G for 18.5 hours per day, 7 days per week, for 106 weeks. Groups of 100 male and 100 female control mice were housed in the same exposure chambers without applied magnetic fields. Additional groups of 100 male and 100 female mice were intermittently exposed (1 hour on and 1 hour off) to a 10 G 60-Hz field 18.5 hours per day, 7 days per week, for 106 weeks. Survival and Body Weights: Survival of male mice exposed to 10 G was significantly less than that of control mice after 2 years; survival of all other exposed groups of mice was similar to that of control mice. Mean body weights of exposed groups of male and female mice were similar to those of the control groups throughout the study. Pathology Findings: The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma were significantly decreased in 0.02 and 2 G male mice and 2 G female mice relative to the control groups; the incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly less in males and females exposed to 2 G than in the control groups. In female mice, the incidence of malignant lymphoma in the 10 G intermittent group was significantly less than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year whole-body exposure studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of 60-Hz magnetic fields in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of thyroid gland C-cell neoplasms in the 0.02 and 2G groups. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats or male or female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 0.02, 2, or 10 G, or 10 G intermittent 60-Hz magnetic fields. In exposed rats and mice there were no increased incidences of neoplasms at sites for which epidemiology studies have suggested an association with magnetic fields (brain, mammary gland, leukemia).
Address
Corporate Author National Toxicology Program Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0888-8051 ISBN Medium
Area WP6 In vivo Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12563343 Approved no
Call Number ITEM @ geertje.lewin @ Serial 110
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Author (up) A Peyman, C Gabriel, E H Grant, G Vermeeren and L Martens
Title Variation of the dielectric properties of tissues with age: the effect on the values of SAR in children when exposed to walkie–talkie devices Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal Phys Med Biol.
Volume 54 Issue Pages 227-241
Keywords
Abstract In vitro dielectric properties of ageing porcine tissues were measured in the frequency range of 50 MHz–20 GHz, and the total combined uncertainties of the measurements were assessed. The results show statistically significant reduction with age in both permittivity and conductivity of 10 out of 15 measured tissues. At microwave frequencies, the observed variations are mainly due to the reduction in the water content of tissues as an animal ages. The results obtained were then used to calculate the SAR values in children of age 3 and 7 years when they are exposed to RF induced by walkie–talkie devices. No significant differences between the SAR values for the children of either age or for adults were observed.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ Serial 149
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Author (up) Adair, R.K.
Title Static and low-frequency magnetic field effects: health risks and therapies Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Reports on Progress in Physics Abbreviated Journal Rep. Prog. Phys.
Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 415-454
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0034-4885 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number IT'IS @ evaj @ Serial 275
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Author (up) Ahlbom, A.; Day, N.; Feychting, M.; Roman, E.; Skinner, J.; Dockerty, J.; Linet, M.; McBride, M.; Michaelis, J.; Olsen, J.H.; Tynes, T.; Verkasalo, P.K.
Title A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication British Journal of Cancer Abbreviated Journal Br J Cancer
Volume 83 Issue 5 Pages 692-698
Keywords Adolescent; Bias (Epidemiology); Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia/*etiology; Regression Analysis; Risk
Abstract Previous studies have suggested an association between exposure to 50-60 Hz magnetic fields (EMF) and childhood leukaemia. We conducted a pooled analysis based on individual records from nine studies, including the most recent ones. Studies with 24/48-hour magnetic field measurements or calculated magnetic fields were included. We specified which data analyses we planned to do and how to do them before we commenced the work. The use of individual records allowed us to use the same exposure definitions, and the large numbers of subjects enabled more precise estimation of risks at high exposure levels. For the 3203 children with leukaemia and 10 338 control children with estimated residential magnetic field exposures levels < 0.4 microT, we observed risk estimates near the no effect level, while for the 44 children with leukaemia and 62 control children with estimated residential magnetic field exposures >/= 0.4 microT the estimated summary relative risk was 2.00 (1.27-3.13), P value = 0.002). Adjustment for potential confounding variables did not appreciably change the results. For North American subjects whose residences were in the highest wire code category, the estimated summary relative risk was 1.24 (0.82-1.87). Thus, we found no evidence in the combined data for the existence of the so-called wire-code paradox. In summary, the 99.2% of children residing in homes with exposure levels < 0.4 microT had estimates compatible with no increased risk, while the 0.8% of children with exposures >/= 0.4 microT had a relative risk estimate of approximately 2, which is unlikely to be due to random variability. The explanation for the elevated risk is unknown, but selection bias may have accounted for some of the increase.
Address Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0007-0920 ISBN Medium
Area WP2 Exposure measurements & WP9 Epidemiology Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:10944614 Approved no
Call Number CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ Serial 55
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