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Kuster, N. |
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Title |
Increasing Bias towards False Negative Replications? |
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2011 |
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BEMS NEWSLETTER, www.bems.org |
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217 |
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1-5 |
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WP9 Epidemiology |
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IT'IS @ kuster @ Kuster:2011tt |
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20 |
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European Health Risk Assessment Network on Electromagnetic Fields Exposure |
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D3 – Report on the analysis of risks associated to exposure to EMF: in vitro and in vivo (animals) studies |
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2010 |
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EFHRAN |
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IT'IS @ kuster @ |
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53 |
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Gunde Ziegelberger, Anne Dehos, Bernd Grosche, Sabine Hornhardt, Thomas Jung and Wolfgang Weiss |
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Childhood leukemia – Risk factors and the need for an interdisciplinary research agenda. |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Prog Biophys Mol Biol |
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107 |
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3 |
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312-314 |
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The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified high as well as low-frequency fields as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B). For high frequency fields the recent assessment is based mainly on weak positive associations described in some epidemiological studies between glioma and acoustic neuroma and the use of mobile and other wireless phones. Also for lowfrequency fields the evidence is based on epidemiological findings revealing a statistic association between childhood leukemia (CL) and low-level magnetic fields. The basic findings are already 10 years old. They have since been supported by further epidemiological studies. However, the knowledge on the main/crucial question of causality has not improved. This fact and in addition the small, but statistically significant increased incidence of CL in the surrounding of German nuclear power plants have motivated the German Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) to work toward a better understanding of the main causes of CL. A long-term strategic research agenda has been developed which builds on an interdisciplinary, international network and aims at clarifying the aetiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
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CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ |
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142 |
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Martin Röösli, Patrizia Frei, John Bolte, Georg Neubauer, Elisabeth Cardis, Maria Feychting, Peter Gajsek, Sabine Heinrich, Wout Joseph, Simon Mann, Luc Martens, Evelyn Mohler, Roger C Parslow , Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Katja Radon , Joachim Schüz, György Thuroczy , Jean-François Viel and Martine Vrijheid |
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Title |
Methodology Conduct of a personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurement study: proposed study protocol |
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2010 |
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Environ Health |
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9 |
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23 |
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Background
The development of new wireless communication technologies that emit radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is ongoing, but little is known about the RF-EMF exposure distribution in the general population. Previous attempts to measure personal exposure to RF-EMF have used different measurement protocols and analysis methods making comparisons between exposure situations across different study populations very difficult. As a result, observed differences in exposure levels between study populations may not reflect real exposure differences but may be in part, or wholly due to methodological differences.
Methods
The aim of this paper is to develop a study protocol for future personal RF-EMF exposure studies based on experience drawn from previous research. Using the current knowledge base, we propose procedures for the measurement of personal exposure to RF-EMF, data collection, data management and analysis, and methods for the selection and instruction of study participants.
Results
We have identified two basic types of personal RF-EMF measurement studies: population surveys and microenvironmental measurements. In the case of a population survey, the unit of observation is the individual and a randomly selected representative sample of the population is needed to obtain reliable results. For microenvironmental measurements, study participants are selected in order to represent typical behaviours in different microenvironments. These two study types require different methods and procedures.
Conclusion
Applying our proposed common core procedures in future personal measurement studies will allow direct comparisons of personal RF-EMF exposures in different populations and study areas. |
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CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ |
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143 |
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Martin Röösli, Daniela Jenni, Leeka Kheifets and Gabor Mezei |
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Title |
Extremely low frequency magnetic field measurements in buildings with transformer stations in Switzerland. |
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Year |
2011 |
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Sci Total Environ |
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409 |
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18 |
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3364-3369 |
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Childhood leukemia; Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF); Transformers; Exposure assessment; TRANSEXPO |
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The aim of this study was to evaluate an exposure assessment method that classifies apartments in three exposure categories of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) based on the location of the apartment relative to the transformer room. We completed measurements in 39 apartments in 18 buildings. In each room of the apartments ELF-MF was concurrently measured with 5 to 6 EMDEX II meters for 10 min. Measured arithmetic mean ELF-MF was 0.59 μT in 8 apartments that were fully adjacent to a transformer room, either directly above the transformer or touching the transformer room wall-to-wall. In apartments that only partly touched the transformer room at corners or edges, average ELF-MF level was 0.14 μT. Average exposure in the remaining apartments was 0.10 μT. Kappa coefficient for exposure classification was 0.64 (95%-CI: 0.45–0.82) if only fully adjacent apartments were considered as highly exposed (> 0.4 μT). We found a distinct ELF-MF exposure gradient in buildings with transformer. Exposure classification based on the location of the apartment relative to the transformer room appears feasible. Such an approach considerably reduces effort for exposure assessment and may be used to eliminate selection bias in future epidemiologic studies. |
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CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ |
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144 |
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