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Author |
Minder, C.E.; Pfluger, D.H. |
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Title |
Leukemia, brain tumors, and exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in Swiss railway employees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication  |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
153 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
825-835 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Brain Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality; Causality; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Endpoint Determination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leukemia/*epidemiology/mortality; Male; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology/mortality; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data; Odds Ratio; Railroads/*statistics & numerical data; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Switzerland/epidemiology; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 x 10(5) person-years of follow-up (1972--1993), the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line engineers: 25.9 microT) to those with medium and low exposures (station masters: 1 microT). The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.1) among line engineers (reference category: station masters). The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) among line engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2) among shunting yard engineers (compared with station masters). Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure in microT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields of > or =10 microT. There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.7) per microT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The increase by years spent under exposure of > or =10 microT was even stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15, 129). Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation. This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia. Its strengths include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction of exposures. |
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Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. minder@ispm.unibe.ch |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:11323311 |
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Call Number |
Swiss TPH @ martin.roosli @ |
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205 |
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Author |
Hug, K.; Grize, L.; Seidler, A.; Kaatsch, P.; Schuz, J. |
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Title |
Parental occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and childhood cancer: a German case-control study |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
171 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-35 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Age Factors; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Female; Germany/epidemiology; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interviews as Topic; Logistic Models; Male; Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects; Odds Ratio; Parents; Paternal Exposure/*adverse effects; Questionnaires; Registries; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors |
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Abstract |
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The authors investigated, in a population-based case-control study in Germany, if children whose parents were exposed preconceptionally at work to ELF-MFs had an increased risk of developing cancer. Cases aged 0-14 years were ascertained from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Controls were selected from local resident registration offices. The parental occupational history was recorded in questionnaires and telephone interviews, and preconceptional magnetic field exposure was estimated according to a job-exposure matrix. The analysis included 2,382 controls and 2,049 cases (846 children with acute leukemia, 159 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 444 children with central nervous system tumors, and 600 children with other solid tumors). Frequency-matched conditional logistic regression models revealed no increased cancer risks in children whose fathers were occupationally exposed to magnetic fields above 0.2 microT. Additionally, there was no evidence for a risk increase at magnetic field levels exceeding 1 microT. Based on much smaller numbers, maternal occupational exposure was also not related to increased cancer risks. In this large case-control study, the risk of childhood cancer was not linked to preconceptional parental ELF-MF exposure. |
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Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine at Swiss Tropical Institute Basel, Steinengraben 49, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. kerstin.hug@unibas.ch |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:19942577 |
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Call Number |
CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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465 |
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Hjalgrim, L.L.; Westergaard, T.; Rostgaard, K.; Schmiegelow, K.; Melbye, M.; Hjalgrim, H.; Engels, E.A. |
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Title |
Birth weight as a risk factor for childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis of 18 epidemiologic studies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
158 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
724-735 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; *Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*epidemiology/etiology; Registries; Risk Factors |
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Evidence has emerged that childhood leukemia is initiated in utero. High birth weight is one of the few birth-related factors that has been associated with childhood leukemia, albeit not consistently. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies of the association between birth weight and childhood leukemia risk. Study-specific odds ratios for leukemia were calculated, using a cutoff at 4,000 g of birth weight. The authors also evaluated whether the association between birth weight and leukemia followed a log-linear dose-response-like pattern. They calculated summary estimates using weighted averages of study-specific odds ratios from dichotomous and trend analyses. Eighteen studies (published between 1962 and 2002) were included, encompassing 10,282 children with leukemia. Children weighing 4,000 g or more at birth were at higher risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia than children weighing less (odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.37). Furthermore, data were consistent with a dose-response-like effect (OR = 1.14/1,000-g birth weight increase, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.20). Studies of acute myeloid leukemia indicated a similar increase in risk for children weighing 4,000 g or more at birth (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.73, 2.20) and a dose-response-like effect (OR = 1.29/1,000 g, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.06), but results varied across studies. Our findings support a relation between birth weight and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk and emphasize the need for additional studies of the biologic mechanisms underlying this association. |
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Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. LIH@SSI.dk |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:14561661 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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634 |
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Author |
Tunik, S.; Ayaz, E.; Akpolat, V.; Nergiz, Y.; Isen, K.; Celik, M.S.; Seker, U. |
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Title |
Effects of pulsed and sinusoidal electromagnetic fields on MMP-2, MMP-9, collagen type IV and E-cadherin expression levels in the rat kidney: an immunohistochemical study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
253-260 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cadherins/biosynthesis/radiation effects; Collagen Type IV/biosynthesis/radiation effects; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney/*metabolism/*radiation effects; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/biosynthesis; Rats; Rats, Wistar |
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of extremely low frequency pulsed and sinusoidal electromagnetic fields on kidney tissues. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-seven male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 9): control group, sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) group, and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) group. The SEMF and PEMF groups (pulse time 25 microsn, pulse frequency 50 Hz) were subjected to 1.5 mT, 50 Hz, exposure 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 28 days in methacrylate boxes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Gomori and periodic acid-Schiff. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9), E-cadherin and collagen type IV expression levels were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Thickening of glomerular basement membranes was evident in electromagnetic fields, especially in the SEMF group. In addition, expression levels of E-cadherin were decreased with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. The expression level of MMP-9 increased, and MMP-2 and collagen type IV expression levels were not altered with EMF exposure. CONCLUSION: Both EMFs changed the molecular component of the kidney adversely. |
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Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey. selcuktunik@gmail.com |
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PMID:24282905 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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601 |
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Biskup, T.; Hitomi, K.; Getzoff, E.D.; Krapf, S.; Koslowski, T.; Schleicher, E.; Weber, S. |
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Title |
Unexpected Electron Transfer in Cryptochrome Identified by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie International Edition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. |
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50 |
Issue |
52 |
Pages |
12647-12651 |
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1433-7851 |
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IT'IS @ evaj @ |
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245 |
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