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Michelle Rönnerblad, Robin Andersson, Tor Olofsson, Iyadh Douagi, Mohsen Karimi, Söen Lehmann, Ilka Hoof, Michiel de Hoon, Masayoshi Itoh, Sayaka Nagao-Sato, Hideya Kawaji, Timo Lassmann, Piero Carninci, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Alistair R. R. Forrest, Albin Sandelin, Karl Ekwall, Erik Arner, and Andreas Lennartsson |
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Title  |
Analysis of the DNA methylome and transcriptome in granulopoiesis reveals timed changes and dynamic enhancer methylation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Blood |
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123 |
Issue |
17 |
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79-89 |
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In development, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation have been suggested to provide a cellularmemoryto maintain multipotency but also stabilize cell fate decisions and direct lineage restriction. In this study, we set out to characterize changes in DNA methylation and gene expression during granulopoiesis using 4 distinct cell populations ranging from the oligopotent common myeloid progenitor stage to terminally differentiated neutrophils. We observed that differentially methylated sites (DMSs) generally show decreased methylation during granulopoiesis. Methylation appears to change at specific differentiation stages and overlap with changes in transcription and activity of key hematopoietic transcription factors. DMSs were preferentially located in areas distal to CpG islands and shores. Also, DMSs were overrepresented in enhancer elements and enriched in enhancers that become active during differentiation.Overall, this studydepicts in detail the epigenetic and transcriptional changes that occur during granulopoiesis and supports the role of DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism in blood cell differentiation. |
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UNIBAS @ melissa.manser @ |
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573 |
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Markov, M.S. |
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Title |
Angiogenesis, magnetic fields and 'window effects' |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Cardiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cardiology |
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117 |
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1 |
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54-56 |
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Animals; *Electromagnetic Fields; *Magnetic Field Therapy; Myocardial Infarction/*radiotherapy; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*radiation effects |
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0008-6312 |
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PMID:20924178 |
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IT'IS @ evaj @ |
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349 |
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Gegear, R.J.; Foley, L.E.; Casselman, A.; Reppert, S.M. |
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Animal cryptochromes mediate magnetoreception by an unconventional photochemical mechanism |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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463 |
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7282 |
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804-807 |
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Animal Migration/physiology/radiation effects; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Butterflies/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects; Cryptochromes/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism; Drosophila Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects; Eye Proteins/genetics/metabolism; *Magnetics; Orientation/physiology/radiation effects; *Photochemical Processes/radiation effects; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/metabolism/radiation effects; Transgenes/genetics |
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Understanding the biophysical basis of animal magnetoreception has been one of the greatest challenges in sensory biology. Recently it was discovered that the light-dependent magnetic sense of Drosophila melanogaster is mediated by the ultraviolet (UV)-A/blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome (Cry). Here we show, using a transgenic approach, that the photoreceptive, Drosophila-like type 1 Cry and the transcriptionally repressive, vertebrate-like type 2 Cry of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) can both function in the magnetoreception system of Drosophila and require UV-A/blue light (wavelength below 420 nm) to do so. The lack of magnetic responses for both Cry types at wavelengths above 420 nm does not fit the widely held view that tryptophan triad-generated radical pairs mediate the ability of Cry to sense a magnetic field. We bolster this assessment by using a mutant form of Drosophila and monarch type 1 Cry and confirm that the tryptophan triad pathway is not crucial in magnetic transduction. Together, these results suggest that animal Crys mediate light-dependent magnetoreception through an unconventional photochemical mechanism. This work emphasizes the utility of Drosophila transgenesis for elucidating the precise mechanisms of Cry-mediated magnetosensitivity in insects and also in vertebrates such as migrating birds. |
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Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. robert.gegear@umassmed.edu |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:20098414 |
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IT'IS @ evaj @ |
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265 |
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McCormick, D.L.; Kavet, R. |
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Animal models for the study of childhood leukemia: considerations for model identification and optimization to identify potential risk factors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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International Journal of Toxicology |
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Int J Toxicol |
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23 |
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3 |
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149-161 |
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Animals; Child; *Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Leukemia/*etiology/genetics; *Models, Genetic; Risk Factors |
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Leukemias are the most common pediatric malignancies diagnosed in western industrialized societies. In spite of the substantial incidence of childhood leukemia in the United States and other countries, neither epidemiology studies conducted in human populations nor hazard identification studies conducted using traditional animal models have identified environmental or other factors that are directly linked to increased risk of disease. Molecular biology data and mathematical modeling of incidence patterns suggest that pediatric leukemogenesis may occur through a multistage or “multihit” mechanism that involves both in utero and postnatal events. The authors propose that pediatric leukemias can be modeled experimentally using a “multihit” paradigm analogous to the “initiation-promotion” and “complete carcinogenesis” models developed for tumor induction in mouse skin and rat liver. In this model for childhood leukemia, an initial genetic alteration occurs during in utero or early postnatal development, but clinical disease develops only upon additional genetic or nongenetic events that occur during the postnatal period. Application of this multistage or “multihit” model to hazard assessment studies conducted in transgenic or knockout mice carrying relevant molecular lesions may provide a sensitive approach to the identification of environmental agents that are important risk factors for childhood leukemia. |
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IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA. dmccormick@iitri.org |
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1091-5818 |
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WP6 In vivo |
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PMID:15204718 |
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Call Number |
ITEM @ geertje.lewin @ |
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133 |
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Author |
Loscher, W.; Mevissen, M. |
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Animal studies on the role of 50/60-Hertz magnetic fields in carcinogenesis |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Life Sciences |
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Life Sci |
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54 |
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21 |
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1531-1543 |
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Animals; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Incidence; Magnetics/*adverse effects; Male; Mice; Neoplasms/*epidemiology; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology/*physiopathology; Rats |
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A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to 50/60-Hz magnetic fields (MF) from power lines and electrical equipment may be associated with a modestly increased incidence of various types of cancer. Laboratory studies have indicated that nonionizing radiation has no mutagenic effect, i.e. does not initiate cancer. Thus, if 50/60-Hz MF are truly associated with an increased risk of cancer, then these fields must act as a promoter or co-promoter of cancer in cells that have already been initiated. This paper reviews the evidence produced by animal studies. As shown in this review, the available animal data on 50/60-Hz MF exposures seem to indicate that intermediate MF exposure exerts co-promoting effects in different tumor models, particularly cocarcinogenesis models of breast cancer, while chronic (up to life-time) exposure may exert promoting effects on “spontaneous” development of certain tumors. The tumor promoting or co-promoting effects of 50/60-Hz MF exposure found in several animal studies could relate to actions of MF on gene expression, immune surveillance, and Ca2+ homeostasis as demonstrated by in vitro experiments in cell cultures. However, the most plausible evidence for an in vivo effect of MF exposure which could be related to tumor promotion is reduction of circulating levels of melatonin, i.e. a hormone which is inhibitory to the growth of a wide range of cancers, particularly breast cancer. Animal studies have shown that 50-Hz MF exposure at flux densities as low as 0.3-1 mu Tesla significantly reduces nocturnal melatonin levels in plasma. While decrease of melatonin levels alone could explain tumor promoting or co-promoting effects of MF exposure, recent data indicate that MF exposure also impairs the effects of melatonin at the cellular level. Thus, the oncostatic effect of melatonin on cell proliferation of a human breast cancer cell line was antagonized by 60-Hz MF exposure at a flux density of about 1 mu Tesla. All these data indicate that interactions between 50/60-HZ MF exposure and melatonin may be the key mechanism of any carcinogenic effects. Although the existing experimental evidence is still insufficient for discerning a cause-effect relationship for MF exposure and human disease or injury, it does suggest the need for further laboratory research under well-defined laboratory exposure conditions to allow for a realistic assessment of the possible health risks and their magnitude. |
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Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany |
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0024-3205 |
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WP6 In vivo |
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PMID:8196474 |
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ITEM @ geertje.lewin @ |
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137 |
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