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Author |
Vistnes, A.I.; Ramberg, G.B.; Bjornevik, L.R.; Tynes, T.; Haldorsen, T. |
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Title |
Exposure of children to residential magnetic fields in Norway: is proximity to power lines an adequate predictor of exposure? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Bioelectromagnetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioelectromagnetics |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
47-57 |
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Keywords |
Child; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects; Environmental Exposure; Housing; Humans; Magnetics/*adverse effects; Norway; Schools |
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Abstract |
The aim of this work was to study the exposure to magnetic fields of children living at different distances from a power line and to evaluate how well theoretical calculations compared with actual exposure. Personal exposure instruments were carried for 24 h by 65 schoolchildren living 28-325 m from a 300 kV transmission line; the current load was 200-700 A. About half of the children attended a school far from the power line, whereas the other half attended a school located about 25 m from the line. Exposure to magnetic fields was analyzed for three categories of location: at home, at school, and at all other places. Time spent in bed was analyzed separately. The results indicated that children who lived close to a power line had a higher magnetic field exposure than other children. The power line was the most important source of exposure when the magnetic field due to the line was greater than about 0.2 microT. Exposure at school influenced the 24 h time-weighted average results considerably in those cases where the distance between home and power line was very different from the distance between school and power line. The calculated magnetic field, based on line configuration, current load, and distance between home and power line, corresponded reasonably well with the measured field. However, the correlation depends on whether home only or 24 h exposure is used in the analysis and on which school the children attended. The calculated magnetic field seems to be a reasonably good predictor of actual exposure and could be used in epidemiological studies, at least in Norway, where the electrical system normally results in less ground current than in most other countries. |
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Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Norway |
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0197-8462 |
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Notes |
PMID:9125232 |
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Call Number |
Swiss TPH @ martin.roosli @ |
Serial |
212 |
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Author |
Schimmelpfeng, J.; Dertinger, H. |
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Title |
Action of a 50 Hz magnetic field on proliferation of cells in culture |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Bioelectromagnetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioelectromagnetics |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
177-183 |
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Keywords |
3T3 Cells; Animals; Cell Count/radiation effects; Cell Division/physiology/radiation effects; Cells, Cultured; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Mice |
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Abstract |
Proliferation of SV40-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human HL-60 promyelocytes was studied after treatment with a sinusoidal 2 mT 50 Hz magnetic field. A single exposure of 60 minutes caused quasicyclic changes in the number of SV40-3T3 cultures as function of time after treatment, which was interpreted to be due to the induction of chronobiological mechanisms by the field. Moreover, small variations in cell cycle distribution were measured during postexposure incubation for both cell lines. To discriminate between the effect of the magnetic vector and the induced electric field, HL-60 cell exposure was also performed on organ culture dishes. These dishes consist of two coaxially centered, isolated compartments in which different electric field levels are induced in the medium during treatment. Cell growth was affected in the outer compartment only where the induced electric field ranged from 8 to 12 mVpeak/meter at 2 mT, but it was not affected in the inner compartment (field range 0-4 mVpeak/meter). This suggests that the effects on cell growth are due to the induced electric field and are expressed only above a threshold of between 4 and 8 mVpeak/meter. |
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Toxikologie, Germany |
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0197-8462 |
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PMID:9084869 |
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Call Number |
IT'IS @ evaj @ |
Serial |
403 |
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Author |
Kamp, T.; Liebl, B.; Haen, E.; Emmerich, B.; Hallek, M. |
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Title |
Defects of beta 2-adrenergic signal transduction in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: relationship to disease progression |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
European Journal of Clinical Investigation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur J Clin Invest |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
121-127 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Aged; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology; Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis/chemistry; Disease Progression; Female; Forskolin/pharmacology; Humans; Isoproterenol/pharmacology; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood/*metabolism; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/blood/*deficiency/*metabolism; Regression Analysis; *Signal Transduction/drug effects; Statistics, Nonparametric |
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The second messenger 3':5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) inhibits the proliferation of human B lymphocytes. In lymphoid malignancies, cAMP levels or the number of beta 2-adrenergic receptors seem to be decreased. In order to explore this phenomenon further, the function of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor complex was examined in mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs) from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Peripheral blood MNLs from 25 CLL patients (16 male, nine female: aged 62 +/- 9 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (seven male, three female; aged 47 +/- 19 years) were used. The binding characteristics of beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta 2-AR) on MNLs were determined by radioligand binding assays with [125I]-cyanopindolol ([125I]-CYP). The number of high-affinity binding sites for [125I]-CYP was significantly lower in CLL patients (313 +/- 300 sites per cell; mean +/- SD) than in control subjects (1479 +/- 1268 sites per cell). Moreover, the density of beta 2-AR decreased with disease progression, from Binet stage A (371 +/- 236, n = 13) to B (236 +/- 136, n = 7) and C (141 +/- 59, n = 5) (P < 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis analysis). Functional analyses of the beta 2-AR complex were performed by measuring the cellular cAMP content of MNLs in response to different stimulators. The cAMP production of MNLs upon isoprenaline stimulation (ISO; 10 min, 10(-4) mol L-1) was slightly lower in CLL patients (12.5 +/- 7.04 pmol 10(-6) cells) than in control subjects (15.91 +/- 10.08 pmol 10(-6) cells), and decreased with CLL progression (stage A 14 +/- 7; stage B 13.66 +/- 3.91; stage C 3.07 +/- 0.79 pmol 10(-6) cells). In contrast, cAMP accumulation in response to cholera toxin (CHO; 10(-4) gml-1, 120 min) was not different in control subjects (70.07 +/- 31.30 pmol 10(-6) cells) and CLL patients (stage A 95.24 +/- 123.07, stage B 70.76 +/- 57.37, stage C 33.21 +/- 33.73 pmol 10(-6) cells). When stimulated with forskolin (100 mumol L-1, 15 min), control MNLs produced about ten-fold more cAMP than CLL MNLs (188.56 +/- 92.53 vs. 17.88 +/- 10.32 pmol 10(-6) cells); this response was not stage dependent. Taken together, the results show that the beta 2-AR transmembrane signalling is impaired in CLL patients. The correlation of some beta 2-AR signalling defects with disease progression suggests that they may contribute to the disease progression of CLL patients. |
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Stadtisches Krankenhaus Munchen-Schwabing, I, Universitat Munchen, Germany |
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ISSN |
0014-2972 |
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Area |
WP6 In vivo |
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Notes |
PMID:9061305 |
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Call Number |
TIHO @ Maren.Fedrowitz @ |
Serial |
124 |
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Author |
Gabriel, S.; Lau, R.W.; Gabriel, C. |
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Title |
The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Med Biol |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2271-2293 |
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Keywords |
Adipose Tissue/physiology; Animals; Blood Physiological Phenomena; Bone and Bones/physiology; Brain/physiology; *Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology/*methods; Heart/physiology; Humans; Kidney/physiology; Lens, Crystalline/physiology; Liver/physiology; Lung/physiology; Models, Biological; Muscles/physiology; Reproducibility of Results; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spleen/physiology; Tendons/physiology |
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Abstract |
A parametric model was developed to describe the variation of dielectric properties of tissues as a function of frequency. The experimental spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz was modelled with four dispersion regions. The development of the model was based on recently acquired data, complemented by data surveyed from the literature. The purpose is to enable the prediction of dielectric data that are in line with those contained in the vast body of literature on the subject. The analysis was carried out on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Parameters are given for 17 tissue types. |
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Physics Department, King's College, Strand, London, UK |
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0031-9155 |
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WP2 Exposure measurements |
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Notes |
PMID:8938026 |
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Call Number |
CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ |
Serial |
220 |
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Author |
Gabriel, S.; Lau, R.W.; Gabriel, C. |
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Title |
The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Med Biol |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2251-2269 |
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Keywords |
Adipose Tissue/physiology; Animals; Bone and Bones/physiology; Brain/physiology; Cartilage/physiology; *Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology/*methods; Female; Heart/physiology; Humans; Kidney/physiology; Liver/physiology; Lung/physiology; Male; Muscles/physiology; Ovary/physiology; Sheep; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spleen/physiology; Swine; Testis/physiology; Thyroid Gland/physiology; Tongue/physiology; Urinary Bladder/physiology; Uterus/physiology |
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Three experimental techniques based on automatic swept-frequency network and impedance analysers were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. The technique used in conjunction with the impedance analyser is described. Results are given for a number of human and animal tissues, at body temperature, across the frequency range, demonstrating that good agreement was achieved between measurements using the three pieces of equipment. Moreover, the measured values fall well within the body of corresponding literature data. |
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Physics Department, King's College, Strand, London, UK |
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0031-9155 |
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WP2 Exposure measurements |
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PMID:8938025 |
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Call Number |
CNR-ISIB @ paolo.ravazzani @ |
Serial |
219 |
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