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Messiha, H.L.; Wongnate, T.; Chaiyen, P.; Jones, A.R.; Scrutton, N.S. |
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Title |
Magnetic field effects as a result of the radical pair mechanism are unlikely in redox enzymes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society |
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12 |
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20141155-20141155 |
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biochemistry; biophysics |
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Abstract |
Environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields is potentially carcinogenic. The radical pair mechanism is considered the most feasible mechanism of interaction between weak magnetic fields encountered in our environment and biochemical systems. Radicals are abundant in biology, both as free radicals and reaction intermediates in enzyme mechanisms. The catalytic cycles of some flavin-dependent enzymes are either known or potentially involve radical pairs. Here, we have investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a number of flavoenzymes with important cellular roles. We also investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a model system involving stepwise reduction of a flavin analogue by a nicotinamide analogue-a reaction known to proceed via a radical pair. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity was not observed in the reaction kinetics from stopped-flow measurements in any of the systems studied. Although widely implicated in radical pair chemistry, we conclude that thermally driven, flavoenzyme-catalysed reactions are unlikely to be influenced by exposure to external magnetic fields. |
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WP5 In vitro |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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633 |
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Boga, A.; Emre, M.; Sertdemir, Y.; Akillioglu, K.; Binokay, S.; Demirhan, O. |
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The effect of 900 and 1800MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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113 |
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May 2010 |
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378-390 |
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GSM-like radiofrequency radiation; Nicotine sulfate; Teratogenicity; Xenopus laevis; gsm-like radiofrequency radiation |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) and nicotine sulfate (NS) exposure on Xenopus embryonic development.The developmental effects of GSM-like RF-EMR (900–1800 MHz, at a SAR value of 1 W/kg and NS on Xenopus laevis embryos were investigated). Following the application of radiofrequency radiation and/or NS administration, the embryos were closely examined in order to determine their possible teratogenic effects. Xenopus frogs obtained from the Department of Physiology of the Cukurova University, in accordance described by the Standard Guide of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Following the exposure of Xenopus embryos to RF-EMR at 900 and 1800 MHz (1.0 W/kg) for 4, 6 and 8 h; the whole body specific energy absorption rate (SAR) of the embryos was calculated. With the exception of irradiation at 1800 MHz no dramatic developmental anomalies were observed in the Xenopus embryos in association with RF-EMR applications. Combined RF-EMR and NS applications resulted in dramatic abnormalities and death among the Xenopus embryos. The study results indicated that GSM-like RF-EMR (e.g. radiation from cell phones) was not as harmful to Xenopus embryos as might have been expected. However, the combined effects of GSM-like RF-EMR and NS on Xenopus embryos were more severe than the effect of RF-EMR or NS alone. In conclusion, the study results appear to suggest that the combined use of nicotine and cell phones might result in more pronounced detrimental effects on the health of smokers. |
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Elsevier |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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609 |
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Edelman, N.B.; Fritz, T.; Nimpf, S.; Pichler, P.; Lauwers, M.; Hickman, R.W.; Papadaki-Anastasopoulou, A.; Ushakova, L.; Heuser, T.; Resch, G.P.; Saunders, M.; Shaw, J.A.; Keays, D.A. |
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No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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112 |
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1 |
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262-267 |
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magnetite; magnetoreception; pigeons |
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The cellular basis of the magnetic sense remains an unsolved scientific mystery. One theory that aims to explain how animals detect the magnetic field is the magnetite hypothesis. It argues that intracellular crystals of the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) are coupled to mechanosensitive channels that elicit neuronal activity in specialized sensory cells. Attempts to find these primary sensors have largely relied on the Prussian Blue stain that labels cells rich in ferric iron. This method has proved problematic as it has led investigators to conflate iron-rich macrophages with magnetoreceptors. An alternative approach developed by Eder et al. [Eder SH, et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(30):12022-12027] is to identify candidate magnetoreceptive cells based on their magnetic moment. Here, we explore the utility of this method by undertaking a screen for magnetic cells in the pigeon. We report the identification of a small number of cells (1 in 476,000) with large magnetic moments (8-106 fAm(2)) from various tissues. The development of single-cell correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) permitted subcellular analysis of magnetic cells. This revealed the presence of extracellular structures composed of iron, titanium, and chromium accounting for the magnetic properties of these cells. Application of single-cell CLEM to magnetic cells from the trout failed to identify any intracellular structures consistent with biogenically derived magnetite. Our work illustrates the need for new methods to test the magnetite hypothesis of magnetosensation. |
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Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; keays@imp.ac.at |
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English |
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0027-8424 |
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PMID:25535350 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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588 |
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Tang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, L.; Chen, Q.; Tan, L.; Zuo, S.; Feng, H.; Chen, Z.; Zhu, G. |
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Exposure to 900MHz electromagnetic fields activates the mkp-1/ERK pathway and causes blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Brain Research |
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1601 |
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30 |
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92-101 |
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Blood brain barrier; Electromagnetic field; albumin extravasation; electromagnetic fi eld; mkp-1/ERK pathway; spatial memory |
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Elsevier |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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612 |
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Hou, Q.; Wang, M.; Wu, S.; Ma, X.; An, G.; Liu, H.; Xie, F. |
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Title |
Oxidative changes and apoptosis induced by 1800-MHz electromagnetic radiation in NIH/3T3 cells |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine |
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34 |
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85-92 |
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1800-mhz; apoptosis; dna damage; mobile; phone radiation; ros |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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620 |
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