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Author |
Tang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, L.; Chen, Q.; Tan, L.; Zuo, S.; Feng, H.; Chen, Z.; Zhu, G. |
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Title |
Exposure to 900MHz electromagnetic fields activates the mkp-1/ERK pathway and causes blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1601 |
Issue |
30 |
Pages |
92-101 |
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Keywords |
Blood brain barrier; Electromagnetic field; albumin extravasation; electromagnetic fi eld; mkp-1/ERK pathway; spatial memory |
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Elsevier |
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WP5 In vitro; WP6 In vivo |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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612 |
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Author |
Tomasetti, C.; Vogelstein, B. |
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Title |
Cancer etiology. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
347 |
Issue |
6217 |
Pages |
78-81 |
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Abstract |
Some tissue types give rise to human cancers millions of times more often than other tissue types. Although this has been recognized for more than a century, it has never been explained. Here, we show that the lifetime risk of cancers of many different types is strongly correlated (0.81) with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue's homeostasis. These results suggest that only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to environmental factors or inherited predispositions. The majority is due to “bad luck,” that is, random mutations arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells. This is important not only for understanding the disease but also for designing strategies to limit the mortality it causes. |
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Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ctomasetti@jhu.edu vogelbe@jhmi.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:25554788 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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538 |
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Author |
Boga, A.; Emre, M.; Sertdemir, Y.; Akillioglu, K.; Binokay, S.; Demirhan, O. |
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Title |
The effect of 900 and 1800MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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113 |
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May 2010 |
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378-390 |
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Keywords |
GSM-like radiofrequency radiation; Nicotine sulfate; Teratogenicity; Xenopus laevis; gsm-like radiofrequency radiation |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) and nicotine sulfate (NS) exposure on Xenopus embryonic development.The developmental effects of GSM-like RF-EMR (900–1800 MHz, at a SAR value of 1 W/kg and NS on Xenopus laevis embryos were investigated). Following the application of radiofrequency radiation and/or NS administration, the embryos were closely examined in order to determine their possible teratogenic effects. Xenopus frogs obtained from the Department of Physiology of the Cukurova University, in accordance described by the Standard Guide of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Following the exposure of Xenopus embryos to RF-EMR at 900 and 1800 MHz (1.0 W/kg) for 4, 6 and 8 h; the whole body specific energy absorption rate (SAR) of the embryos was calculated. With the exception of irradiation at 1800 MHz no dramatic developmental anomalies were observed in the Xenopus embryos in association with RF-EMR applications. Combined RF-EMR and NS applications resulted in dramatic abnormalities and death among the Xenopus embryos. The study results indicated that GSM-like RF-EMR (e.g. radiation from cell phones) was not as harmful to Xenopus embryos as might have been expected. However, the combined effects of GSM-like RF-EMR and NS on Xenopus embryos were more severe than the effect of RF-EMR or NS alone. In conclusion, the study results appear to suggest that the combined use of nicotine and cell phones might result in more pronounced detrimental effects on the health of smokers. |
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Elsevier |
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WP5 In vitro; WP6 In vivo |
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UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ |
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609 |
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Author |
Edelman, N.B.; Fritz, T.; Nimpf, S.; Pichler, P.; Lauwers, M.; Hickman, R.W.; Papadaki-Anastasopoulou, A.; Ushakova, L.; Heuser, T.; Resch, G.P.; Saunders, M.; Shaw, J.A.; Keays, D.A. |
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Title |
No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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112 |
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1 |
Pages |
262-267 |
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Keywords |
magnetite; magnetoreception; pigeons |
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The cellular basis of the magnetic sense remains an unsolved scientific mystery. One theory that aims to explain how animals detect the magnetic field is the magnetite hypothesis. It argues that intracellular crystals of the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) are coupled to mechanosensitive channels that elicit neuronal activity in specialized sensory cells. Attempts to find these primary sensors have largely relied on the Prussian Blue stain that labels cells rich in ferric iron. This method has proved problematic as it has led investigators to conflate iron-rich macrophages with magnetoreceptors. An alternative approach developed by Eder et al. [Eder SH, et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(30):12022-12027] is to identify candidate magnetoreceptive cells based on their magnetic moment. Here, we explore the utility of this method by undertaking a screen for magnetic cells in the pigeon. We report the identification of a small number of cells (1 in 476,000) with large magnetic moments (8-106 fAm(2)) from various tissues. The development of single-cell correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) permitted subcellular analysis of magnetic cells. This revealed the presence of extracellular structures composed of iron, titanium, and chromium accounting for the magnetic properties of these cells. Application of single-cell CLEM to magnetic cells from the trout failed to identify any intracellular structures consistent with biogenically derived magnetite. Our work illustrates the need for new methods to test the magnetite hypothesis of magnetosensation. |
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Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; keays@imp.ac.at |
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0027-8424 |
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Notes |
PMID:25535350 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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588 |
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Author |
Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, J.; Li, N. |
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Title |
Short-term effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on Alzheimer's disease in rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal of Radiation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Radiat Biol |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
28-34 |
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Keywords |
Extremely low frequency; cognition and memory; electromagnetic fields; rat |
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Abstract Purpose: With the development and widespread use of electromagnetic field (EMF) technology, recent studies are focusing on the effects of EMF on human health. Recently, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been studied with great interest due to their possible effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between ELF-EMF exposure and memory impairment in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). Animals were exposed to 100 muT/50 Hz ELF-EMF or subjected to sham exposure when 12 weeks old. After 12 weeks, the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the changes in cognitive and memory ability. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) content in cortex, hippocampus and plasma were measured by ELISA assays. The morphology of neuron was detected by H&E staining. RESULTS: After exposure, the body weight of rats showed no difference compared with the control group. The application of ELF-EMF did not induce any cognitive and memory impairment compared with the sham-exposure group. The determination of Abeta showed no significant change between the two groups, and there was no histological change in ELF-EMF exposure group. CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that short-term exposure of 100 muT/50 Hz ELF-EMF had no effects on cognition and memory of rats, and did not alter the expression of Abeta and the neuron morphology. However, more comprehensive studies are still required to elucidate the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of ELF-EMF exposure on living organisms. |
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Address |
High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute , Wuhan , P. R. China |
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0955-3002 |
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PMID:25118893 |
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CBM.UAM @ ccobaleda @ |
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602 |
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