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Ainsbury, E. A., & Henshaw, D. L. (2006). Observations on the relationship between magnetic field characteristics and exposure conditions. Phys Med Biol, 51(23), 6113–6123.
Abstract: The authors have been investigating metrics of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure under different circumstances. In this paper, we describe the properties of magnetic fields in homes, in the vicinity of powerlines, on trains and from a library security system. We conclude that there are key differences between each of these fields. This suggests that there may be a characterizable pattern for magnetic fields in different situations.
Keywords: Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Electric Power Supplies/adverse effects; Environmental Exposure; Great Britain; Housing; Humans; Libraries; Magnetics/*adverse effects; Railroads; Security Measures
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Akdag, M. Z., Dasdag, S., Ulukaya, E., Uzunlar, A. K., Kurt, M. A., & Taskin, A. (2010). Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on caspase activities and oxidative stress values in rat brain. Biol Trace Elem Res, 138(1-3), 238–249.
Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on apoptosis and oxidative stress values in the brain of rat. Rats were exposed to 100 and 500 microT ELF-MF, which are the safety standards of public and occupational exposure for 2 h/day for 10 months. Brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained for the active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. In addition, the levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in rat brain. Final score of apoptosis and MPO activity were not significantly different between the groups. CAT activity decreased in both exposure groups (p < 0.05), while TAC was found to be lower in ELF 500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p < 0.05). MDA, TOS, and OSI values were found to be higher in ELF-500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis was not changed by long-term ELF-MF exposure, while both 100 and 500 microT ELF-MF exposure induced toxic effect in the rat brain by increasing oxidative stress and diminishing antioxidant defense system.
Keywords: Animals; Antioxidants/metabolism; Brain/*enzymology/metabolism/*radiation effects; Caspase 3/*metabolism; *Electromagnetic Fields; Male; Malondialdehyde/metabolism; Oxidative Stress/*radiation effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Aldinucci, C., Garcia, J. B., Palmi, M., Sgaragli, G., Benocci, A., Meini, A., et al. (2003). The effect of strong static magnetic field on lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics, 24(2), 109–117.
Abstract: We investigated whether static electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at a flux density of 4.75 T, generated by an NMR apparatus (NMRF), could promote movements of Ca2+, cell proliferation, and the eventual production of proinflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as in Jurkat cells, after exposure to the field for 1 h. The same study was also performed after activation of cells with 5 mg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Our results clearly demonstrate that static NMRF exposure has neither proliferative, nor activating, nor proinflammatory effects on both normal and PHA activated PBMC. Moreover, the concentration of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interferon, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) remained unvaried in exposed cells. Exposure of Jurkat cells statistically decreased the proliferation and the proliferation indexes, which 24 and 48 h after exposure were 0.7 +/- 0.29 and 0.87 +/- 0.12, respectively. Moreover, in Jurkat cells the [Ca2+]i was higher than in PBMC and was reduced significantly to about one half after exposure. This is consistent with the decrease of proliferation and with the low levels of IL-2 measured. On the whole, our data suggest that NMRF exposure failed to affect the physiologic behaviour of normal lymphomonocytes. Instead in Jurkat cells, by changing the properties of cell membranes, NMRF can influence Ca2+ transport processes, and hence Ca2+ homeostasis with improvement of proliferation.
Keywords: Caffeine/pharmacology; Calcium/metabolism; Cell Division/drug effects/radiation effects; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines/metabolism; *Electromagnetic Fields; Humans; Jurkat Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*radiation effects; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/radiation effects; Lymphocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*radiation effects; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/adverse effects; Occupational Exposure; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology; Radiation Injuries/etiology; Reference Values
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Alexandrov, B. S., Gelev, V., Bishop, A. R., Usheva, A., & Rasmussen, K. O. (2010). DNA Breathing Dynamics in the Presence of a Terahertz Field. Phys Lett A, 374(10), 1214.
Abstract: We consider the influence of a terahertz field on the breathing dynamics of double-stranded DNA. We model the spontaneous formation of spatially localized openings of a damped and driven DNA chain, and find that linear instabilities lead to dynamic dimerization, while true local strand separations require a threshold amplitude mechanism. Based on our results we argue that a specific terahertz radiation exposure may significantly affect the natural dynamics of DNA, and thereby influence intricate molecular processes involved in gene expression and DNA replication.
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Alexandrov, B. S., Rasmussen, K. Ã. ˜., Bishop, A. R., Usheva, A., Alexandrov, L. B., Chong, S., et al. (2011). Non-thermal effects of terahertz radiation on gene expression in mouse stem cells. Biomed. Opt. Express, 2(9), 2679.
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