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Lai, H. C., & Singh, N. P. (2010). Medical applications of electromagnetic fields. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 10, 012006.
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Taherianfard, M., Bahaddini, A., Keshtkar, S., Fazeli, M., & Shomali, T. (2013). Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and GABAA Receptors on Serum Testosterone Level of Male Rats. Int J Endocrinol Metab, 11(4), e11029.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: GABA can influence the steroidogenesis in peripheral and central nervoussystems. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigates the interactive effect of GABAA receptors and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on serum testosterone level of male rats. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 10 groups. Groups 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were exposed to ELF-EMF for 30 days 8hrs per day; while, the remaining groups (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) were sham exposed animals. At the end of the experiment, animals in groups 1 and 2 received normal saline; while, animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 1 mg/kg of bicuculline methiodide, and for animals of groups 5 and 6,3 mg/kg of bicuculline was injected. Animals of groups 7 and 8 were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of muscimol hydrobromide and rats in groups 9 and 10 received 2 mg/kg muscimol hydrobromide. About forty minutes after the injection, blood samples were collected and serum testosterone level was assayed using RIA. RESULTS: Administration of muscimol hydrobromide at both doses to sham exposed rats significantly decreased serum testosterone level as compared to sham exposed animals which received saline. Administration of bicuculline methiodide without exposure to ELF-EMF, had no significant effect on testosterone level as compared to group 1. Serum testosterone levels of rats in different groups, exposed to ELF-EMF were statistically the same. Moreover, serum testosterone of exposed and sham exposed rats in each treatment showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: No interactivity is present in modulatory effects of GABAA receptors and ELF-EMFs on serum testosterone of male rats.
Keywords: Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields; Muscimol Hydrobromide; Rat; Testosterone; bicuculline
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Kirson, E. D., Dbaly, V., Tovarys, F., Vymazal, J., Soustiel, J. F., Itzhaki, A., et al. (2007). Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(24), 10152–10157.
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Baek, S., Quan, X., Kim, S., Lengner, C., Park, J. - K., & Kim, J. (2014). Electromagnetic fields mediate efficient cell reprogramming into a pluripotent state. ACS nano, 8(10), 10125–10138.
Abstract: Life on Earth is constantly exposed to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and it is generally accepted that EMFs may exert a variety of effects on biological systems. Particularly, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EL-EMFs) affect biological processes such as cell development and differentiation; however, the fundamental mechanisms by which EMFs influence these processes remain unclear. Here we show that EMF exposure induces epigenetic changes that promote efficient somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency. These epigenetic changes resulted from EMF-induced activation of the histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2. Remarkably, an EMF-free system that eliminates Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field abrogates these epigenetic changes, resulting in a failure to undergo reprogramming. Therefore, our results reveal that EMF directly regulates dynamic epigenetic changes through Mll2, providing an efficient tool for epigenetic reprogramming including the acquisition of pluripotency.
Keywords: arth has a magnetic; cell reprogramming; electromagnetic fi elds; epigenetic changes; fi eld that extends; from its inner core; protecting us from a; the solar wind; to where it meets
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Koyama, S., Narita, E., Shinohara, N., & Miyakoshi, J. (2014). Effect of an intermediate-frequency magnetic field of 23 kHz at 2 mT on chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophil-like differentiated human HL-60 cells. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11, 9649–9659.
Abstract: Public concerns about potential health risks of intermediate-frequency (IF) electromagnetic fields are increasing, especially as the use of induction-heating cooktops has spread extensively in Japan and Europe. In order to investigate the properties of IF electromagnetic fields, we examined the effect of exposure to a 23-kHz IF magnetic field of 2 mT for 2, 3, or 4 h on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis using differentiated human HL-60 cells. Compared with sham exposure, exposure to the IF magnetic field had no effect on neutrophil chemotaxis or phagocytosis. Previous studies demonstrated that exposure to a 23-kHz IF magnetic field of 2 mT (about 74-times the maximum value recommended by the International Commission for Nonionizing Radiation Protection guidelines) may affect the first-line immune responses in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of IF magnetic fields on cellular immune responses. We found that exposure to an IF magnetic field of 2 mT has minimal if any effect on either the chemotaxis or phagocytic activity of neutrophil-like human HL-60 cells.
Keywords: chemotaxis; cooktop; if; ih; induction-heating; induction-heating (IH) cooktop; intermediate-frequency; intermediate-frequency (IF) magnetic field; magnetic field; neutrophil; phagocytosis
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