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Peyman A. (2011). Dielectric properties of tissues; variation with age and their relevance in exposure of children to electromagnetic fields; state of knowledge. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 107(3), 434–438.
Abstract: This paper reviews and summarises the state of knowledge on dielectric properties of tissues; in particular those obtained as a function of age. It also examines the impact of variation in dielectric data on the outcome of recent dosimetric studies assessing the exposure of children to electromagnetic fields.
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Jianqing Wang, O. F., and Soichi Watanabe. (2006). Approximation of Aging Effect on Dielectric Tissue Properties for SAR Assessment of Mobile Telephones. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 48(2), 408–413.
Abstract: In electromagnetic dosimetry of children heads for mobile telephones, the dielectric properties of biological tissues for adults are so far being used due to the lack of the ones of children.
In this paper, we derived an empirical formula according to Lichtenecker’s exponential law for the complex permittivity of various tissues as a function of the hydrated rate or the total body water (TBW). We ï¬rst examined its validity using the data measured by Peyman et al. for rats, and then applied the formula to the dielectric properties of 7-year-old and 3-year-old child head models by means
of the relationship between the TBW and the age. With the dielectric properties for children derived in such an approach, we analyzed numerically the spatial peak speciï¬c absorption rate (SAR)for a 900-MHz mobile telephone in adult and child head models.
As a result, we found that the dielectric properties for children do not affect signiï¬cantly the 1- or 10- g averaged spatial peak SAR as well as the penetration depth. The ï¬nding could be qualitatively explained as cancellation of the increased conductivity and decreased electric ï¬eld penetrating into the tissue because of the same degree of increase between the conductivity and permittivity in children
compared to adults. Even in an extreme case, the age effect on the spatial peak SAR of dielectric properties is still within 10%.
Keywords: Children, dielectric property, FDTD method, mobile telephone, penetration depth, speciï¬c absorption rate.
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Bedja M., M. I., Souques M., Lambrozo J., Le Brusquet L., Fleury G., Azoulay A., Carlsberg A. (2010). Exposure of the French population to 50 Hz magnetic fields: EXPERS study..
Abstract: To study the exposure of the French population to 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF), two samples (children and adults) representative of this population were created. Each person wore an EMDEX II measuring and recording the MF to which he/she was exposed during 24h, and has progressively filled in a timetable and a questionnaire with information about themselves and their homes. When returning the meter, the pollster recorded the GPS coordinates of their homes. In total, 978 series of MF were validated for children and 1054 for adults. The arithmetic and geometric means observed were respectively 0.09 and 0.02 µT for children and 0.14 and 0.03 µT for adults.
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Baek, S., Quan, X., Kim, S., Lengner, C., Park, J. - K., & Kim, J. (2014). Electromagnetic fields mediate efficient cell reprogramming into a pluripotent state. ACS nano, 8(10), 10125–10138.
Abstract: Life on Earth is constantly exposed to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and it is generally accepted that EMFs may exert a variety of effects on biological systems. Particularly, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EL-EMFs) affect biological processes such as cell development and differentiation; however, the fundamental mechanisms by which EMFs influence these processes remain unclear. Here we show that EMF exposure induces epigenetic changes that promote efficient somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency. These epigenetic changes resulted from EMF-induced activation of the histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2. Remarkably, an EMF-free system that eliminates Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field abrogates these epigenetic changes, resulting in a failure to undergo reprogramming. Therefore, our results reveal that EMF directly regulates dynamic epigenetic changes through Mll2, providing an efficient tool for epigenetic reprogramming including the acquisition of pluripotency.
Keywords: arth has a magnetic; cell reprogramming; electromagnetic fi elds; epigenetic changes; fi eld that extends; from its inner core; protecting us from a; the solar wind; to where it meets
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Kulkarni GA, G. W. Z. (2014). Numerical calculation of internal induced fields in humans due to high voltage trasmission lines. Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, 14(3), 22–27.
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