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Kirson, E. D., Dbaly, V., Tovarys, F., Vymazal, J., Soustiel, J. F., Itzhaki, A., et al. (2007). Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(24), 10152–10157.
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Lee, A. A., Lau, J. C. S., Hogben, H. J., Biskup, T., Kattnig, D. R., & Hore, P. J. (2014). Alternative radical pairs for cryptochrome-based magnetoreception. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 11(95).
Abstract: Alpha A. Lee†, Jason C. S. Lau, Hannah J. Hogben, Till Biskup‡, Daniel R. Kattnig and P. J. Hore⇑Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UKe-mail: peter.hore{at}chem.ox.ac.uk↵†Present address: Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.↵‡ Present address: Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.Abstract
There is growing evidence that the remarkable ability of animals, in particular birds, to sense the direction of the Earth's magnetic field relies on magnetically sensitive photochemical reactions of the protein cryptochrome. It is generally assumed that the magnetic field acts on the radical pair [FAD•− TrpH•+] formed by the transfer of an electron from a group of three tryptophan residues to the photo-excited flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor within the protein. Here, we examine the suitability of an [FAD•− Z•] radical pair as a compass magnetoreceptor, where Z• is a radical in which the electron spin has no hyperfine interactions with magnetic nuclei, such as hydrogen and nitrogen. Quantum spin dynamics simulations of the reactivity of [FAD•− Z•] show that it is two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the direction of the geomagnetic field than is [FAD•− TrpH•+] under the same conditions (50 µT magnetic field, 1 µs radical lifetime). The favourable magnetic properties of [FAD•− Z•] arise from the asymmetric distribution of hyperfine interactions among the two radicals and the near-optimal magnetic properties of the flavin radical. We close by discussing the identity of Z• and possible routes for its formation as part of a spin-correlated radical pair with an FAD radical in cryptochrome.
animal navigationflavinmagnetic compassradical pair mechanismspin dynamicsReceived November 15, 2013.Accepted March 3, 2014.© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
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Barbault, A., Costa, F. P., Bottger, B., Munden, R. F., Bomholt, F., Kuster, N., et al. (2009). Amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields for the treatment of cancer: discovery of tumor-specific frequencies and assessment of a novel therapeutic approach. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 28, 51.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Because in vitro studies suggest that low levels of electromagnetic fields may modify cancer cell growth, we hypothesized that systemic delivery of a combination of tumor-specific frequencies may have a therapeutic effect. We undertook this study to identify tumor-specific frequencies and test the feasibility of administering such frequencies to patients with advanced cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined patients with various types of cancer using a noninvasive biofeedback method to identify tumor-specific frequencies. We offered compassionate treatment to some patients with advanced cancer and limited therapeutic options. RESULTS: We examined a total of 163 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and identified a total of 1524 frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 114 kHz. Most frequencies (57-92%) were specific for a single tumor type. Compassionate treatment with tumor-specific frequencies was offered to 28 patients. Three patients experienced grade 1 fatigue during or immediately after treatment. There were no NCI grade 2, 3 or 4 toxicities. Thirteen patients were evaluable for response. One patient with hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to the adrenal gland and bones had a complete response lasting 11 months. One patient with hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to liver and bones had a partial response lasting 13.5 months. Four patients had stable disease lasting for +34.1 months (thyroid cancer metastatic to lung), 5.1 months (non-small cell lung cancer), 4.1 months (pancreatic cancer metastatic to liver) and 4.0 months (leiomyosarcoma metastatic to liver). CONCLUSION: Cancer-related frequencies appear to be tumor-specific and treatment with tumor-specific frequencies is feasible, well tolerated and may have biological efficacy in patients with advanced cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00805337.
Keywords: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; *Electromagnetic Fields; Female; Humans; *Magnetic Field Therapy/adverse effects; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms/blood/diagnosis/surgery/*therapy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tumor Markers, Biological/blood
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Winklhofer, M. (2012). An Avian Magnetometer. Science, 336(6084), 991–992.
Abstract: Homing pigeons have remarkable navigational
skills that allow them to
fi nd their way back to the loft when
released from an unfamiliar location hundreds
of miles away. To perform such a feat,
they rely on various cues, such as odors and
Earth’s magnetic fi eld ( 1, 2). Yet, how birds
and other animals obtain magnetic-fi eld information
has been a mystery. On page 1054 of
this issue, Wu and Dickman ( 3) report how
this information is neurally encoded and suggest
a candidate magnetic sensory organ in
the inner ear of the pigeon ( 4).
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Chikina, M. D., & Troyanskaya, O. G. (2012). An effective statistical evaluation of ChIPseq dataset similarity. Bioinformatics, 28(5), 607–613.
Abstract: MOTIVATION: ChIPseq is rapidly becoming a common technique for investigating protein-DNA interactions. However, results from individual experiments provide a limited understanding of chromatin structure, as various chromatin factors cooperate in complex ways to orchestrate transcription. In order to quantify chromtain interactions, it is thus necessary to devise a robust similarity metric applicable to ChIPseq data. Unfortunately, moving past simple overlap calculations to give statistically rigorous comparisons of ChIPseq datasets often involves arbitrary choices of distance metrics, with significance being estimated by computationally intensive permutation tests whose statistical power may be sensitive to non-biological experimental and post-processing variation. RESULTS: We show that it is in fact possible to compare ChIPseq datasets through the efficient computation of exact P-values for proximity. Our method is insensitive to non-biological variation in datasets such as peak width, and can rigorously model peak location biases by evaluating similarity conditioned on a restricted set of genomic regions (such as mappable genome or promoter regions). Applying our method to the well-studied dataset of Chen et al. (2008), we elucidate novel interactions which conform well with our biological understanding. By comparing ChIPseq data in an asymmetric way, we are able to observe clear interaction differences between cofactors such as p300 and factors that bind DNA directly. AVAILABILITY: Source code is available for download at http://sonorus.princeton.edu/IntervalStats/IntervalStats.tar.gz. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Keywords: *Algorithms; *Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Genomics/*methods; Programming Languages; *Sequence Analysis, DNA; Transcription, Genetic
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