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Author (up) Juutilainen, J.; Hoyto, A.; Kumlin, T.; Naarala, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Review of possible modulation-dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Bioelectromagnetics Abbreviated Journal Bioelectromagnetics  
  Volume 32 Issue 7 Pages 511-534  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The biological effects of modulated radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields have been a subject of debate since early publications more than 30 years ago, suggesting that relatively weak amplitude-modulated RF electromagnetic fields have specific biological effects different from the well-known thermal effects of RF energy. This discussion has been recently activated by the increasing human exposure to RF fields from wireless communication systems. Modulation is used in all wireless communication systems to enable the signal to carry information. A previous review in 1998 indicated that experimental evidence for modulation-specific effects of RF energy is weak. This article reviews recent studies (published after 1998) on the biological effects of modulated RF fields. The focus is on studies that have compared the effects of modulated and unmodulated (continuous wave) RF fields, or compared the effects of different kinds of modulations; studies that used only one type of signal are not included. While the majority of recent studies have reported no modulation-specific effects, there are a few interesting exceptions indicating that there may be specific effects from amplitude-modulated RF fields on the human central nervous system. These findings warrant follow-up studies.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1521-186X ISBN Medium  
  Area WP5 In vitro Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID: 21480304 Approved no  
  Call Number UNIBAS @ david.schuermann @ Juutilainen2011 Serial 77  
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