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COEBERGH, J., REEDIJK, A., DEVRIES, E., MARTOS, C., JAKAB, Z., STELIAROVAFOUCHER, E., et al. (2006). Leukaemia incidence and survival in children and adolescents in Europe during 1978–1997. Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project. European Journal of Cancer, 42(13), 2019–2036.
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Contessa, G. M., Falsaperla, R., Brugaletta, V., & Rossi, P. (2010). Exposure to magnetic fields of railway engine drivers: a case study in Italy. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 142(2-4), 160–167.
Abstract: A case study of exposure assessment of railway workers to static and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields is presented. A measurement campaign was conducted in aboard Italian main line trains. All measurements were performed on board during regular service (two engine drivers were simultaneously present), in all places potentially accessible to personnel, considering routes ranging from a few tens of kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. The measurement protocol was mostly based on broadband metres and personal metres were employed to assess individual exposure. Surveys on static and ELF magnetic fields were performed for seven different models of engine or electrified train. Traction motors were fed by alternating current (AC) current, except for two engines, where AC current fed only auxiliary services. The final result is that the average exposure to static magnetic field was a little higher than the background geomagnetic field; occasionally in few areas it could reach levels of the order of millitesla. The average exposure to ELF magnetic fields was in the order of 1-2 muT, with higher levels (few microtesla) only for one engine; occasionally in hot spots, close to wiring or specific equipment, the field values could reach several tens of microtesla.
Keywords: Electromagnetic Fields; adverse effects; Humans; Italy; Occupational Exposure analysis; Radiation Dosage; Railroads manpower; Risk Factors, Exposure; Exposure measurements
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Corces-Zimmerman, M. R., & Majeti, R. (2014). Pre-leukemic evolution of hematopoietic stem cells: the importance of early mutations in leukemogenesis. Leukemia, 28(12), 2276–2282.
Abstract: Cancer has been shown to result from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations in a single lineage of cells. In leukemia, increasing evidence has supported the idea that this accumulation of mutations occurs in self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These HSCs containing some, but not all, leukemia-specific mutations have been termed as pre-leukemic. Multiple recent studies have sought to understand these pre-leukemic HSCs and determine to what extent they contribute to leukemogenesis. These studies have elucidated patterns in mutation acquisition in leukemia, demonstrated resistance of pre-leukemic cells to standard induction chemotherapy and identified these pre-leukemic cells as a putative reservoir for the generation of relapsed disease. When combined with decades of research on clonal evolution in leukemia, mouse models of leukemogenesis, and recent massively parallel sequencing-based studies of primary patient leukemia, studies of pre-leukemic HSCs begin to piece together the evolutionary puzzle of leukemogenesis. These results have broad implications for leukemia treatment, targeted therapies, minimal residual disease monitoring and early detection screening.
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Costa, F. P., de Oliveira, A. C., Meirelles, R., Machado, M. C. C., Zanesco, T., Surjan, R., et al. (2011). Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with very low levels of amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields. Br J Cancer, 105(5), 640–648.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. There is emerging evidence that the growth of cancer cells may be altered by very low levels of electromagnetic fields modulated at specific frequencies. METHODS: A single-group, open-label, phase I/II study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the intrabuccal administration of very low levels of electromagnetic fields amplitude modulated at HCC-specific frequencies in 41 patients with advanced HCC and limited therapeutic options. Three-daily 60-min outpatient treatments were administered until disease progression or death. Imaging studies were performed every 8 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was progression-free survival >/=6 months. Secondary efficacy end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated and there were no NCI grade 2, 3 or 4 toxicities. In all, 14 patients (34.1%) had stable disease for more than 6 months. Median progression-free survival was 4.4 months (95% CI 2.1-5.3) and median overall survival was 6.7 months (95% CI 3.0-10.2). There were three partial and one near complete responses. CONCLUSION: Treatment with intrabuccally administered amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields is safe, well tolerated, and shows evidence of antitumour effects in patients with advanced HCC.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/*therapy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy; Magnetic Field Therapy/adverse effects/*methods; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Radiation Dosage; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
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Crocetti, S., Piantelli, F., & Leonzio, C. (2011). Selective destabilization of tumor cells with pulsed electric and magnetic sequences: a preliminary report. Electromagn Biol Med, 30(3), 128–135.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Various studies in vitro suggest that low electric and magnetic fields may modify cancer cell growth and recent studies in vivo have revealed anti-tumoral effects. After screening different tumor cell lines, we identified specific sequences of localized magnetic and electric fields (MESQ) that reduce cancer cell survival in vitro. This finding led us to design an experiment to determine the actual efficacy of above sequences in selectively destabilizing tumor cells and their effect on healthy cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We exposed the MCF7 cancer cell line and normal fibroblasts to MESQ for 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours, evaluating cell survival and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS: Exposure to MESQ reduced MCF7 survival, inducing apoptosis in a timedependent way, whereas fibroblasts were completely unaffected. CONCLUSION: These results have promising implications for the treatment of cancer and warrant further research.
Keywords: Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; *Electricity; Female; Fibroblasts/cytology; Humans; *Magnetic Fields
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