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Schimmelpfeng, J., & Dertinger, H. (1997). Action of a 50 Hz magnetic field on proliferation of cells in culture. Bioelectromagnetics, 18(2), 177–183.
Abstract: Proliferation of SV40-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human HL-60 promyelocytes was studied after treatment with a sinusoidal 2 mT 50 Hz magnetic field. A single exposure of 60 minutes caused quasicyclic changes in the number of SV40-3T3 cultures as function of time after treatment, which was interpreted to be due to the induction of chronobiological mechanisms by the field. Moreover, small variations in cell cycle distribution were measured during postexposure incubation for both cell lines. To discriminate between the effect of the magnetic vector and the induced electric field, HL-60 cell exposure was also performed on organ culture dishes. These dishes consist of two coaxially centered, isolated compartments in which different electric field levels are induced in the medium during treatment. Cell growth was affected in the outer compartment only where the induced electric field ranged from 8 to 12 mVpeak/meter at 2 mT, but it was not affected in the inner compartment (field range 0-4 mVpeak/meter). This suggests that the effects on cell growth are due to the induced electric field and are expressed only above a threshold of between 4 and 8 mVpeak/meter.
Keywords: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cell Count/radiation effects; Cell Division/physiology/radiation effects; Cells, Cultured; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Mice
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Rehe, K., Wilson, K., Bomken, S., Williamson, D., Irving, J., den Boer, M. L., et al. (2012). Acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia-propagating cells are present at high frequency in diverse lymphoblast populations. EMBO Mol Med, , n/a-n/a.
Abstract: Leukaemia-propagating cells are more frequent in high-risk acute B lymphoblastic
leukaemia than in many malignancies that follow a hierarchical cancer
stem cell model. It is unclear whether this characteristic can be more universally
applied to patients from non-‘high-risk’ sub-groups and across a broad range of
cellular immunophenotypes. Here, we demonstrate in a wide range of primary
patient samples and patient samples previously passaged through mice that
leukaemia-propagating cells are found in all populations defined by high or low
expression of the lymphoid differentiation markers CD10, CD20 or CD34. The
frequency of leukaemia-propagating cells and their engraftment kinetics do
not differ between these populations. Transcriptomic analysis of CD34high and
CD34low blasts establishes their difference and their similarity to comparable
normal progenitors at different stages of B-cell development. However, consistent
with the functional similarity of these populations, expression signatures
characteristic of leukaemia propagating cells in acute myeloid leukaemia fail to
distinguish between the different populations. Together, these findings suggest
that there is no stem cell hierarchy in acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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Kurokawa, Y., Nitta, H., Imai, H., & Kabuto, M. (2003). Acute exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields with harmonics and transient components: lack of effects on nighttime hormonal secretion in men. Bioelectromagnetics, 24(1), 12–20.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine whether low frequency magnetic field (MF) influences nighttime secretion of hormones, particularly melatonin. Ten healthy males stayed in the experimental room (2.7 m cube with 3 axis Merritt coils) on two separate nights. On one night, subjects were exposed to linearly polarized 50 Hz, 20 microT sinusoidal MF with the third (30%) and the fifth (10%) harmonics and repetitive transient waves (1 burst/s of 1 kHz waves, exponentially attenuated with a duration of 50 ms; initially 100 microT peak), and the other night was for blind control. During the nights (2000-0800 h, including sleeping time, 2300-0700 h), blood samples were collected from the subjects at 1 h intervals for determining the levels of plasma hormones (melatonin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, prolactin) and at 10 min intervals from 2200 to 0200 h for observing the GH surge induced by sleep. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference between the 2 nights in the profiles of the four hormones, and the result suggested that extremely low frequency (ELF) or intermediate frequency (IF) MF to which humans are exposed residentially has no acute effect on nighttime secretion of hormones, particularly melatonin.
Keywords: Adult; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects; Environment, Controlled; Growth Hormone/*blood/secretion; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*blood/secretion; Male; Melatonin/*blood/secretion; Prolactin/*blood/secretion; Sleep/physiology
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Pui, C. - H., Robison, L. L., & Look, A. T. (2008). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet, 371(9617), 1030–1043.
Abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells, affects both children and adults, with peak prevalence between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Steady progress in development of effective treatments has led to a cure rate of more than 80% in children, creating opportunities for innovative approaches that would preserve past gains in leukaemia-free survival while reducing the toxic side-effects of current intensive regimens. Advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, fuelled by emerging molecular technologies, suggest that drugs specifically targeting the genetic defects of leukaemic cells could revolutionise management of this disease. Meanwhile, studies are underway to ascertain the precise events that take place in the genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, to enhance the clinical application of known risk factors and antileukaemic agents, and to identify treatment regimens that might boost the generally low cure rates in adults and subgroups of children with high-risk leukaemia.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; *Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/genetics/physiopathology; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics; Treatment Outcome
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Inaba, H., Greaves, M., & Mullighan, C. G. (2013). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet, .
Abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia occurs in both children and adults but its incidence peaks between 2 and 5 years of age. Causation is multifactorial and exogenous or endogenous exposures, genetic susceptibility, and chance have roles. Survival in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has improved to roughly 90% in trials with risk stratification by biological features of leukaemic cells and response to treatment, treatment modification based on patients' pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics, and improved supportive care. However, innovative approaches are needed to further improve survival while reducing adverse effects. Prognosis remains poor in infants and adults. Genome-wide profiling of germline and leukaemic cell DNA has identified novel submicroscopic structural genetic changes and sequence mutations that contribute to leukaemogenesis, define new disease subtypes, affect responsiveness to treatment, and might provide novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for personalised medicine.
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