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Manikonda, P. K., Rajendra, P., Devendranath, D., Gunasekaran, B., Channakeshava, Aradhya, S. R. S., et al. (2014). Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce oxidative stress in rat brain. Gen Physiol Biophys, 33(1), 81–90.
Abstract: The present investigation was conducted to understand the influence of long-term exposure of rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF), focusing on oxidative stress (OS) on different regions of rat's brain. Male Wistar rats (21-day-old) were exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz; 50 and 100 microT) for 90 days continuously; hippocampal, cerebellar and cortical regions from rats were analyzed for (i) reactive oxygen species (ROS), (ii) metabolites indicative of OS and (iii) antioxidant enzymes. In comparison to control group rats, the rats that were continuously exposed to ELF-MF caused OS and altered glutathione (GSH/GSSG) levels in dose-dependent manner in all the regions of the brain. Accumulation of ROS, lipid peroxidation end products and activity of superoxide dismutase in different regions was in the descending order of cerebellum < hippocampus < cortex. Decrement in GSH/GSSG levels and increment in glutathione peroxidase activity were in the descending order of hippocampus < cerebellum < cortex. The continuous exposure to ELF-MF caused OS in all the examined regions of brain more significantly at 100 microT than at 50 microT. Varied influences observed in different regions of the brain, as documented in this study, may contribute to altered metabolic patterns in its related regions of the central nervous system, leading to aberrant neuronal functions.
Keywords: Animals; Antioxidants/chemistry/metabolism; Brain/*pathology; Brain Mapping/methods; Cerebellum/metabolism; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism; Glutathione/chemistry/metabolism; Hippocampus/metabolism; *Lipid Peroxidation; *Magnetic Fields; Male; *Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; *Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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MarÄ™dziak, M., Marycz, K., Lewandowski, D., SiudziÅ„ska, A., & Åšmieszek, A. (2014). Static magnetic field enhances synthesis and secretion of membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) rich in VEGF and BMP-2 in equine adipose-derived stromal cells (EqASCs)—a new approach in veterinary regenerative medicine. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Animal, .
Keywords: adipose-derived mesenchymal; equine; magnetic field; microvesicles; stem cells
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Marley, R., Giachello, C. N. G., Scrutton, N. S., Baines, R. A., & Jones, A. R. (2014). Cryptochrome-dependent magnetic field effect on seizure response in Drosophila larvae. Sci Rep, 4, 5799.
Abstract: The mechanisms that facilitate animal magnetoreception have both fascinated and confounded scientists for decades, and its precise biophysical origin remains unclear. Among the proposed primary magnetic sensors is the flavoprotein, cryptochrome, which is thought to provide geomagnetic information via a quantum effect in a light-initiated radical pair reaction. Despite recent advances in the radical pair model of magnetoreception from theoretical, molecular and animal behaviour studies, very little is known of a possible signal transduction mechanism. We report a substantial effect of magnetic field exposure on seizure response in Drosophila larvae. The effect is dependent on cryptochrome, the presence and wavelength of light and is blocked by prior ingestion of typical antiepileptic drugs. These data are consistent with a magnetically-sensitive, photochemical radical pair reaction in cryptochrome that alters levels of neuronal excitation, and represent a vital step forward in our understanding of the signal transduction mechanism involved in animal magnetoreception.
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Mert, T., Ocal, I., Cinar, E., Yalcin, M. S., & Gunay, I. (2014). Pain-relieving effects of pulsed magnetic fields in a rat model of carrageenan-induced hindpaw inflammation. Int J Radiat Biol, 90(1), 95–103.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Many strategies have been investigated to exclude the several side-effects of pharmacological or invasive treatments. Non-invasive pulsed magnetic field (PMF) treatment with no toxicity or side-effects can be an alternative to pharmacologic treatments. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the pain-relieving effects of PMF treatment in the inflammatory pain conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Effects of PMF treatment on the hallmarks of the inflammatory pain indices such as hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema and several biochemical parameters that evaluate oxidative stress were investigated using a well established carrageenan (CAR)-induced hindpaw inflammation model in rats. RESULTS: CAR injection lowered the paw withdrawal thermal latencies (hyperalgesia) and mechanical thresholds (allodynia). CAR also decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with healthy rat paw tissues. PMF treatment produced significant increases in the thermal latencies and mechanical thresholds in CAR-injected paws. In the inflamed paw tissues, PMF increased the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx and decreased MDA level. We also demonstrated that PMF decreased paw mass indicating that it has an anti-edematous potential. CONCLUSIONS: The present results reveal that PMF treatment can ameliorate the CAR-induced inflammatory pain indices such as mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and edema, and attenuate the oxidative stress. The action mechanisms of PMF in CAR-induced inflammation might be related to the increases in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in inflamed tissues. The findings suggest that PMF treatment might be beneficial in inflammatory pain conditions.
Keywords: Animals; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia/chemically induced/*prevention & control; Inflammation/chemically induced/*prevention & control; Magnetic Field Therapy/*methods; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Treatment Outcome
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Michelle Rönnerblad, R. A., Tor Olofsson, Iyadh Douagi, Mohsen Karimi, Söen Lehmann, Ilka Hoof, Michiel de Hoon, Masayoshi Itoh, Sayaka Nagao-Sato, Hideya Kawaji, Timo Lassmann, Piero Carninci, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Alistair R. R. Forrest, Albin Sandelin, Karl Ekwall, Erik Arner, and Andreas Lennartsson. (2014). Analysis of the DNA methylome and transcriptome in granulopoiesis reveals timed changes and dynamic enhancer methylation. Blood, 123(17), 79–89.
Abstract: In development, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation have been suggested to provide a cellularmemoryto maintain multipotency but also stabilize cell fate decisions and direct lineage restriction. In this study, we set out to characterize changes in DNA methylation and gene expression during granulopoiesis using 4 distinct cell populations ranging from the oligopotent common myeloid progenitor stage to terminally differentiated neutrophils. We observed that differentially methylated sites (DMSs) generally show decreased methylation during granulopoiesis. Methylation appears to change at specific differentiation stages and overlap with changes in transcription and activity of key hematopoietic transcription factors. DMSs were preferentially located in areas distal to CpG islands and shores. Also, DMSs were overrepresented in enhancer elements and enriched in enhancers that become active during differentiation.Overall, this studydepicts in detail the epigenetic and transcriptional changes that occur during granulopoiesis and supports the role of DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism in blood cell differentiation.
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